What are ovarian cysts?

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop within or on the surface of a woman’s ovaries. These cysts are common and, in most cases, harmless, often disappearing on their own without any symptoms. However, some cysts can cause discomfort and lead to complications, necessitating medical attention.

What types of ovarian cysts are there?

1. Functional cysts: These cysts are part of the menstrual cycle and usually resolve on their own within a few menstrual cycles.

2. Dermoid cysts: These cysts contain tissue, such as hair, skin, or teeth, and are present from birth.

3. Cystadenomas: These cysts develop from ovarian tissue and can become large, causing pain or discomfort.

4. Endometriomas: These cysts form due to endometriosis, a condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus.

What are the common causes and risk factors?

Ovarian cysts can develop due to a variety of factors, including hormonal imbalances, irregular menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or endometriosis. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) can also lead to the formation of multiple small cysts on the ovaries. While most cysts are benign, certain factors such as family history of ovarian cysts or ovarian cancer might increase the risk.

Symptoms of ovarian cysts:

Many ovarian cysts are asymptomatic and are often discovered during routine gynecological exams. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include:

• Pelvic pain: Dull aching or sharp pain on one side of the pelvis, especially during menstruation.

• Bloating or pressure: Feeling of fullness or pressure in the abdomen.

• Irregular menstrual Cycles: Changes in the menstrual cycle, including heavier or lighter periods.

• Painful intercourse: Discomfort or pain during or after sexual activity.

Diagnosis and treatment:

If you experience persistent symptoms or if a cyst is suspected, your gynecologist may recommend:

• Pelvic Exam: To detect the presence, size, and shape of the cyst.

• Ultrasound: Transvaginal or abdominal ultrasound to get a clear image of the cyst.

• MRI or CT Scan: For detailed imaging in complex cases.

Treatment options depend on the size, type, and symptoms of the cyst:

• Watchful Waiting: Monitoring the cyst to see if it resolves on its own.

• Medications: Hormonal birth control pills to prevent new cysts from forming.

• Surgery: If the cyst is large, painful, or persists, minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery may be performed to remove the cyst while preserving the ovary.